MIGHT

Express possibility =>  "es posible que"

might + infinitive                         might go / might be / might rain , etc.                                

I / WE / THEY / YOU                    might (not)                     be, go , 

HE  / SHE  / IT                                                                    play, come

I might ..........=it is possible that I will...

• Imight go to tha cinema this evening 
• A: When is Barbara go to the phone you?                                                                                       B: I don´t know .She might phone this afternoon?
• Take an umbrella with you , It might rain
• Buy a lottery ticket .You might be lucky
• Are you going out tonight ? I might

STUDY THE DIFFERENCE:

• I´m playing tenis tomorrow (sure)                                                                                                    I might play tenis tomorrow (possible)
• Barbara is going to phone later (sure)                                                                                              Barbara might phone later (possible)

THE NEGATIVE IS MIGHT NOT:

• I might not go to work tomorrow. (=it is possibe that I will not go)
• Sue might not come to the party.(=it is possible that she ´ll not come)

MUST / MUSTN´T

• We  used must and mustn´t + the infinitive  to talk about rules or obligation.
• we often use must / mustn´t + with you In this situation , you means people in general.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES       NEGATIVE SENTENCES

-You must have  a valid ticket       -You mustn´t eat on the rain

          -You must stand up behind the line   - You mustn´t carig bikes on trains

MODALS

Modals verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility, intencion , obligation and necessity.

MODALS OF OBLIGATION:

• HAVE TO: it is impostant as mandatory to do something 
• DON´T HAVE TO : it is your choise , you can do it os not.

Example:

• I have to go towork now
• Today it is Saturday , so you don´t have to wake  up early

Complete the following sentences with have / has to or it / doesn´t have to :

1. James is a samrt guy , he  doesn´t have to study (study ) a lot!
2. Lorenz and Susan live in a really old house , they have to buy (buy) a new one.
3. Do you really have to speak (speak) so fast? I have to write  down (write down) every single word!
4. do , you don´t have to write down (write down) every word I say , just the most important ideas!
5. oh, look at the time! I have to run (run) or a I´ll loose the train   

STRUCTURE:

He / she / it  has to doesn´t /have to 

I/ you/ we /they      have to don´t / have to        

(CONTINIUOUS)

   

      6. You have to run( run) , the train is going to be delayed

      7.She has a wonderful hair but she does not have to wash (wash) it every day 

      8. We can share  a taxi it you want to you don´t have to walk(walk) home

    Get the more stuff at http:/.mrostisblogg. word press.com - 

     Do we have to go (go) for your now or cam we wait for mi sister?

      9. We have to wait (wait) for your sister she has the keys

MODALS OF ADVICE AND PREFERENCE:

SHOULD/ SHOULDN´T

This modal shows or expresses advice (deberias)

STRUCTURE:

SUBJECT + SHOULD + VERB + COMPLEMENT

NEGATIVE FORM:

                                                         drive           when you drink alcohol                                        

You / he / they        shouldn´t          go out          at night                                                                                                                                     cheal           in the exams      

Example:

• You should study for the exams
• When you drive you should tasten your seat belt

                                                                                                  

TAG QUESTIONS IN SIMLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST

- Is an special construction in English.

- Is a stament followed and the questions and the whole sentences a tag questions and the  miniquestions at the end is called questions tag.

- Is something small we add to something larger.

CONSTRUCTION:

POSITIVE STATEMENT                   NEGATIVE TAG

He is tall                                       isn´t he?

NEGATIVE ATATEMENT                   POSITIVE TAG

He isn´t tall                                  is he?

SIMPLE PRESENT:

-You're ten, aren't you ?

-They live in American, don't they ?

- It´s 12:15 isn´t it ? No , it isn´t it´s 12:20.

-You don't like math, do you ?

- He plays soccer, doesn´t he? Yes, he does


TAG QUESTIONS WITH SIMPLE PRESENT:



            BE    am/ is /are                               DO   we / you / they                                  DOES  he / she / it

EXAMPLE:

• I am a student , am not I?
• He is the best student , is not he?
• They are smart , are not they?
• You live in Lima , do not you?
• She works at school , does not she?

Negative:

• She is not at school , is he?
• They are not your friends , are they?
• We are not in class , are we?
  
  

HOW + ADJETIVE / ADVERBS

 How long ... ?

 How  far  ... ?

 How  old  ...?

 How much ...?

 How many ...?

 How often ... ?

◉HOW LONG ...?   

       to ask about a period of time

 -How long does it take to get to london ?

 -How long is his visit ?


◉HOW FAR ...?   

         to ask about the distance from one people to another

  -How far is your house from the library ?

 -How far is it from Santader to Madrid ?


◉HOW OLD ...?   
    
          to ask about someone age

 -How old are you ?

 -How old were you when to live in England ?


◉HOW MUCH ...?  (to ask about the prize of something)   

 -How much did you pay that computer ?

 -How much milk there in the fridge ?


◉HOW MANY ...?  

             with a plural noun to ask about numbers

 -How many are in your class ?

 -How many people went to the party ?


◉HOW OFTEN ...?   

             to ask about the number of times something happen

 -How often do you go to the cinema ?

 -How often does your mom make bread ?

◉HOW ADJETIVE/ TOTAL  VERBS ...?

             to ask about the degree of a quality that some one or something has

 How tall/how hot/ how well/ how good/ how wide/ how big/ how deep / how long / howw high/...

WHEN / WHILE

✔WHEN:    use the past simple

WHEN HE WAS  AT HOME , THE PHONE AS RINGING

 EXAMPLE:

-She was surfing when the shark.

-I was having a picnic when I saw my sister.

-When you called ,he was watching TV.

✔WHILE:  use the past progressive 

HE WAS AT HOME, WHILE THE PHONE AS RINGING

 EXAMPLE:

-While he was calling, her friend arrived his house.

-While they weresearching the forest,the police noticedsomething.

-While she was having lunch, he saw a pig.

STATIVE VERB + GERUNDS

   Love     -     surfing

   Like         -  hiking

                                                         Prefer   -     climbing                                               

 Enjoy   -       writing 

 Hate     -       crying

              SENTENCES:

 -She loves surfing in summer.

 -They like hiking in the mountains.

- I prefer climbing in Alaska.

- We enjoy writing in the college.

- He hates crying about him on Sunday.

 -Surfing is an interesting  sport.

 -Hiking  remains me my childhood.

- Climbing is an incredible sport.

-Writting is a bored activite.

- Crying is very embarassed.

USED TO

USED TO + INFINITIVE:

We use this expresion to talk about habits or repeated actions in the  "use to + infinite"  past which we don't do in the present , we also use it to talk about state in the past wich are no longer true

EXAMPLE:

 ●I used to have long hair.(but now I have short hair)

 ●He used to smoke.(but now he doesn´t smoke)

 ●They used to live in India.(but now they live in Germany)

WATCH OUT➭ with the negative and question it's used and not "use"

•   -Did you use to be a teacher ?
•  -Did he use to study French ?
•  -She didn't use to like chocolate , but seh does.
•  -I didn't use to wan't to have a nice house.

QUANTIFIERS

 DEFINITION:
Quantifiers arte expressions use to indicate a quantily and sometimes the speakers aptitude towards the quantily expressed . they after from numbers or numerals which indicate precise quantily.
Example:

• We used a lot of manure last year.
• How many acress have you cultivated? not, many/ just a few

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS:

• COUNTABLE NOUNS:   singular/plural form , we can usee numbers with them

           -Where is my shirt? (one shirt, two shirt, four shirt) 

• UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS:  only one form , we can not use nombers or verbs in plural

               -Rice is an easy crop cultivate. (not rices , are , one rice)

   Some english quantifiers can go with both countable an uncountable

   nouns : a lot of , plenty of , lot of , enough , some , any

EXAMPLE:

•   -I need some help.
•   -Have you got any tiger nuts?
•   -I've got a lot of work to do on the farm.
•   -We haven't got enough time.

  THEY CAN ONLY WITH COUNTABLE NOUNS:

        ●How many ?  [ (a) few , long number of , mayority of , ... ]
          -A few piglest have died because of the swim flue.
    -A large number of pigs were infected in Asia.
   
  THEY CAN ONLY WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS:

       ●How much ?  [ (a) little , bit of , great deal of , ... ]
          -How much luggage do you got ?
          -A great deal of energy is being produced in an environmentally friend love.
 

FUTURE: BE GOING TO AND WILL

BE GOING TO :  is use to talk about future plans end goats

STRUCTURE:

 SUBJECT +  BE GOING TO  +  VERB +  COMPLEMENT

• I am going to travel to Argentina.
• You are going to study in France.
• She is going to apply to and art institute.
• We are going to enter to the university after finish school .

WILL: is use toal about future possibility.

STRUCTURE:

SUBJECT +  WILL +  VERB +  COMPLEMENT

• I will love you forever
• She will be waiting for you.
• You will work at the NASA .
• They will waint under the rain.
• I´ll see you very song.

I´ll = I will

I´m  gonna = I am going to

NEGATIVE:

BE NOT GOING TO

WON´T =WILL NOT

Example:

• My family and I aren´t going to travel next vacation .
• He won´t speak with the president .
• They will not study languajes next year.
• She isn´t going to apply for a new job after school.

SIMPLE PAST

REGULAR VERBS:

         We add “ed-d” to the verbs

Example:

• Watch- watched
• Wash-washed
• Live-lived
• Try-tried
• Hurry-hurried

  

IRREGULAR VERBS:

        Change the writing.

Example:

• be- was/were
• become- became
• break- broke
• drink- drank
• drive- drove
• go- went
• have-hant
• lie- lay
• run-ran
• speak- spoke
• eat- ate
• swim- swam
• do –did

IN THE AFFIRMATE SENTENCES:

• He watchet”47 Ronin” last month.
• She did her homework yesterday.
• We hurried to the school last Friday.
• They became doctors last summer.

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

• Last month/ year /vacation / summer/Friday yesterday.
• Two hours ago
• Three months /a years/ a month/ a week ago.

IN A NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

Auxiliar: didn´t=did not

• I didn´t do my homework yesterday .
• Angel didn´t Kiss karina yesterday.
• Shinee didn´t come to peru last week.

PAST CONTINUOUS

 Action in the past that takes time

STRUCTURE:

Was / Were + verb (ing)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES: 

           §      I was listening to music when the pone rang.                                                                                    §      You were reading a book while the teacher were speaking.                                                              §      He was studying  for the test while his sister  was playing voleyball.

• While: after this comes past continuous.
• When: after this comes past simple.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

          §      Michael wasn´t writing a book when his girl friend called.

          §      My relatives weren´t eating  in the car while the babies were runing on the Street.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER:

• §      Was he a paying attention to the class?

           Yes, he was paying attention to the class.

           No, he was writing in the notebook.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

AFFIRMATIVE:

• -          I am playing basketball at the moment.
• -          He is playing a computer game right now.
• -          We are playing a barbacue outside today.

NEGATIVE:

• -          I´m not watching TV.
• -          He´s not doing his homework.
• -          We´re not having lunch in the kitchen.

QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWER:

• -          Are you playing basketball?

            Yes, I am

• -          Is he listening to music?

            No , he isn´t

• -          Are you having a barbacue?

            Yes, we are

OJO:                                                                       => We Can Say That Present Progressive Is Use With “Be+ Verbs”

SIMPLE PRESENT

AFFIRMATIVE:

• I come  from Sidney
• He speaks english

Sowe can say that

WE ADD “S OR ES” TO THE VERBS IN THIRD PERSON (he, she, it)

Example:
He has / she goes / it studies.



NEGATIVE:

• I don’t from London
• He doesn’t  speak chinese

 WE USE “DO OR DOES” IN NEGATIVE SENTENCES, QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWER

Example:
I / you / we / they  don’t                                                             He / she / it doesn’t

QUESTIONS :

• Do you speak chinese?
• Does he come from France?

ANSWERS (SHORT):

• No, I don´t / Yes, I do
• No, he doesn´t / Yes, he does 

EXERCISES:

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb

1. My cousin lives(live) in Italy.
2. I play (play) guitar.
3. She goes(go) to the gym everyweek.
4. Does he like(like) our song?
5. The exam starts (start) at 12:30.

Chost the correct answer

1. When does thit semester start?

         DOES/ DO/IS

2. Now that he is away from home, he misses his family.

         MISS/ MISSING/MISSES

3. The bank doesn´t open until 9 am.

        DOES/ DOESN´T/DON´T

4. The danube flows into the black sea.

        FLOWS/ FLOW/ DOESN´T FLOW